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《严光不慕仕途》译文
严光,宇子陵,又名严道,会稽余姚人。严光年轻时就有很高的名声,与光武一同游学。到光武即位时,他改换姓名,躲起来不见光武。皇帝想着他有才德,就派人按他的形貌特征访求他。后来齐国上书说:“有一位男子,披着羊皮衣服在沼泽中垂钓。”皇帝怀疑是严光,就备了可坐乘的小车以及黑色和浅红色的布帛,派使者礼聘严光。使者三次往返以后严光才来。光武帝让严光住在北军,供给他床褥,由太官朝夕进餐。司徒侯霸同严光素来有交情,派人送去书信。派来的人对严光说:“侯公听说先生到来,一心想立刻就来拜访,但迫于职责,所以没有如愿。希望利用天黑的时候,请您受委屈过去说话。”严光没有回答,就丢过去一片竹简给来人,口授回信说:“君房足下:职位做到宰相,很好。身怀仁爱,辅佐正义,天下就会喜悦,阿谀奉承,顺随旨意,脑袋就要搬家。”侯霸得到回信,封好呈给皇帝。皇帝笑着说:“狂奴还是从前的样子啊!”皇帝当天就到严光住的客馆。严光躺着不起来,皇帝到他的卧室,摸着严光的腹部说:“咳,子陵,不能帮助我治理国家吗?”严光又睡觉不理睬,过了好一会儿,他才睁开眼睛端详着光武帝,说:“从前唐尧道德高尚,但巢父洗耳。士各有志,为什么要逼我呢?”皇帝说:“子陵,我竟然不能使你顺从吗?”于是登车叹息而去。光武又见严光,谈论过去的事情,谈了许多天。皇帝从容地问严光:“我比起过去怎么样?”严光回答说:“陛下比过去稍微胖了一点。”于是接着一同睡觉,严光将脚放在皇帝的肚子上。第二天,太史上奏说有客星冒犯帝座很紧急。皇帝笑着说:“我同老友严子陵在一起睡觉了。”
光武授予严光谏议大夫一职,严光不接受,于是到富春山种田。后人将他钓鱼的地方取名为严陵濑。建武十七年,皇帝又特别召他,他不来。八十岁时,严光在家中去世。皇帝对此表示悼念惋惜,下诏书要郡县赐给一百万钱、一千斛粮食(给其家人)。
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华歆、王朗俱乘船避难,〔一〕有一人欲依附,歆辄难之。〔二〕朗曰:“幸尚宽,何为不可? ”后贼追至,王欲舍所携人。歆曰:“本所以疑,正为此耳。既已纳其自讬,宁可以急相弃邪?”遂携拯如初。世以此定华、王之优劣。”
华歆和王朗一同乘船避难,有一个人想搭乘他们的船,华歆表示为难。王朗却说:“好在船还比较宽敞,为什么不可以呢?”后来强盗来了,王朗就想丢下那人不管了。华歆说:“开始我之所以犹豫不决,正是为了这一点。既然允许他搭我们的船,怎么可以因为情况危急便把他扔下呢?”于是仍像当初那样携带关照那个人,世人凭这件事来判定华歆、王朗的优劣。
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Hangzhou is the capital of Zhejiang province and its political, economic and cultural center. With its famous natural beauty and cultural heritages, Hangzhou is one of China‘s most important tourist venues.
The City, the southern terminus of the Grand Canal, is located on the lower reaches of the Qiantang River in southeast China, a superior position in the Yangtze Delta and only 180 kilometers from Shanghai. Hangzhou has a subtropical monsoon type climate with four quite distinct seasons. However, it is neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter making it a year round destination.
The West Lake is undoubtedly the most renowned feature of Hangzhou, noted for the scenic beauty that blends naturally with many famous historical and cultural sites. In this scenic area, Solitary Hill, the Mausoleum of General Yue Fei, the Six Harmonies Pagoda and the Ling Yin Temple are probably the most frequently visited attractions. The“Ten West Lake Prospects“ have been specially selected to give the visitor outstanding views of the lake, mountains and monuments.
A number of national museums can be found in Hangzhou and are representative of Chinese culture. Fine examples are the National Silk Museum and Tea Museum. Along with the other museums in Hangzhou, they provide a fascinating insight into the history of Chinese traditional products.
One of the most important parts of traveling is tasting the local delicacies. Hangzhou dishes are noted for their elaborate preparation, sophisticated cooking and refreshing taste. Many local specialties will be sure to make your trip a cultural experience. We recommend that you try Beggar‘s Chicken (a chicken baked in clay), West Lake Fish (vinegar coated fish fresh caught from the lake), Dongpo Pork (braised pork) and Fried Shrimps with Longjing Tea, etc.
The shopping environment in Hangzhou is exciting and convenient. Travelers and tourists like to go to Qing He Fang Street. It is one of the most famous and historic streets in the city and reflects many of the features of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). Shoppers will admire the antique buildings while purchasing items from a wide range of local goods such as silks, tea or maybe a silk parasol, brocade or a beautiful Hangzhou fan. These are just some of the items to be found but there are many more.
At night Hangzhou has much to offer and teahouses and various kinds of pubs are both plentiful and popular. Choosing one overlooking the West Lake for a pleasant chat over a cup of tea is sure to make you feel totally relaxed and refreshed.
While much of the ancient city that had been the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion in the mid-nineteenth century, today‘s Hangzhou is a modern and vibrant economical center. As such it provides a base for many talented and skilled people. Never the less, thanks to its unique setting by the West Lake it continues to enjoy the many benefits of the natural surroundings that have delighted visitors for centuries. Not only was it much vaunted in his writings by the 13 century explorer, Marco Polo but the Lake and its environs have inspired poets of great renown such as Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo down the ages. There can be no doubt that visit here is certain to be a memorable one.
An old Chinese saying declares, “There is heaven above, Suzhou and Hangzhou below.“ Centuries later, Marco Polo called Hangzhou the most enchanting city in all the world. This is most evident in the West Lake area--the effective, if not geographic, center of Hangzhou. Hills embrace the lake on three sides; the city proper lies to the east. Ancient Chinese people praised the West Lake area as a land of intoxicating beauty. Su Shi, a poet from the Song Dynasty, likened the lake to Xizi, a Chinese Cleopatra, for its allure.