英语的句子成分主要有七类。分别是主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语。
1、主语：主语说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定时（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句均可充当主语。
例句：A light wind disturbed the surface of the water.微风使水面泛起涟漪。（名词短语作主语）
2、谓语：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。
例句：I have tried this way three times.我用这种方法试了三次。
3、表语：表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
例句：Anita is a Canadian.安妮塔是加拿大人。（名词作表语）
4、宾语：宾语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语等，双宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语。
例句：We love pace.我们热爱和平。（直接宾语）
5、同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释说明。
例句：They each can get a chance to travel by air.（代词作同位语）
6、定语：定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语。
例句：It is a difficult problem.这是一个棘手的问题。（形容词作前置定语）
7、状语：状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子的一种成分。
例句：Arriving there，call me up.到了之后，给我来个电话。（现在分词作状语）
扩展资料：
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分，其他处于次要部分。英语中的基本句型为主语+谓语；主语+谓语+宾语；主语+连系动词+表语；主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。
参考资料：百度百科——句子成分
英语句子成分划分用什么符号
没有固定的模式，为了方便理解，可以和语文里句子成分的划分符号一样。英语老师上课用的句子成分符号都不尽相同，如我就这样来用：
划分符号
主语： 双横线 定语：
谓语： 单横线 状语：[ ]
宾语： 波浪线 宾补：〈 〉
表语： 双波浪线
英语句子成分具体分析
1.句子的基本构成有5种:主谓、主谓宾、主谓宾宾补、主谓双宾、主系表
①.主语：名词（n.）、代词、数词、名词化形容词（adj.）、副词、名词化介词、不定式、动名词、名词化分词、介词短语、从句。
1．名词作主语。
A tree has fallen across the road.
Little streams feed big rivers.
2．代词用作主语。
You’re not far wrong. 。
He told a joke but it fell flat. . 他从不做使人感到意外的事。
8．由从句构成
Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗?
⑤补语:是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分
1. 容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前，后有逗号。
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困，就去睡了。
有时可以置于主语之后，前后都有逗号，与非限定性定语相似。
The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings. 那人不可置疑地残酷，不听取他们的恳求。
2.可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等
They named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米。（名词用作并与补语）
My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. 我的母亲面很嫩，你会以为她是我的姐姐（名词短语作宾语补语）
He boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了。（形容词用作宾语补语）
I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣。（形容词短语用作宾补）
The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. 同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下。（不定式用作宾语补语）
I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。（动名作宾补 ）
Don’t take
⑥定语：定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词
可用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。
1．形容词用作定语是大量的。
She is a natural musician. 她是一位天生的音乐家。
He must be the best violinist alive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了。（后置定语）
2. 名词用作定语。如
A baby girl 女婴
well water 井水
Sports car 双座轻型汽车
A fool’s paradise 梦幻的天堂
2．代词作定语。
Your hair needs cutting. 你该理发了。（物主代词用作定语）
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人负责就是无人负责。 （不定代词所有格作定语）
3．数词作定语
There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法。
Do it now, you may not get a second chance. 现在就干吧，你可能再没有机会了。
基数词用作后置定语： page 24 Room 201 the year 1949
4. 副词充当定语时常后置
the room above 楼上的房间 the world today 今日世界 the way out 出路 a day off 休息日
5．不定式用作定语
Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事。
That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。
6．动名词用作定语.
A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠药 eating implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法
7．分词充当定语
a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者 a retired worker 一个退休工人 a faded flower 一朵谢了的花
7．介词短语用作定语。
This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图。
The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words. 他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了。
8．从句用作定语，即定语从句
The car that’s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的车是我的。
Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one. 我在外面看见你的汽车了，它给另一辆车撞了。
⑦同位语：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分者就叫做后者的同谓语
可用作定语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、of短语、从句等
1．名词用作同谓语是大量的。
We have two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子，一男一女。
We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. 我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家。
2．代词用作同谓语。
They all wanted to see him. 他们都想见他。
Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver. 咱们俩去工作吧。
3．数词用作同谓语。
Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗？
They two went, we three stayed behind.他们俩去了，我们三个留了下来。
4．不定式与动名词用作同谓语。
Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.他们最近提出了集中全力于初等教育的提议遭到了某些人的反对。
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。
5．Of 短语用作同谓语
The city of Rome 罗马城 the art of writing 写作艺术
The vice of smoking 吸烟嗜好
6．从句用同谓语，即同谓语重句
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不确。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题。
⑧状语:是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。
可用作状语的有副词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。
1.副词最常用作状语，位置比较灵活，可置句末、句首和句中。
He speaks the language badly but read it well.这种语言，他讲得不好，但阅读能力很强。
Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors. 当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上。
2．状语按用途来分，可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等
.时间状语，多位于句末和句首，有时亦可置于句中
Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?
In China now leads the world.
.地点状语，多置于句末，有时也位于句首和句中。
There are plenty of fish in the sea.
She kissed her mother on the platform.
.原因状语，包括表理由的状语，多置于句末，有时亦可置于句首。
Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job.
I eat potatoes because I like them.
. 结果状语，多由不定式、分词和从句表示，常位于句末。
She woke suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.
She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.
. 目的状语，多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示，常位于句末，强调时可以置于句首。
He ran for shelter.他跑去避雨。
In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.
. 条件状语。多由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。
We’ll be lucky to get there before dark.
If he were to come, what should we say to him?
. 让步状语，由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。
For all his money, he didn’t seem happy. 他尽管有钱，但似乎并不幸福。
He helped me although he didn’t know me.
.程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。
The lecture is very interesting.
To what extent would you trust them? 你对他们信任程度如何？
伴随状语，常由短语和独立主格等表示。对位于句末和句首。
My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten.
He stood there ,pipe in mouth.
等！英语句子成分划分详解~
主语是I，谓语是dream of 宾语是jogging 状语是out 第二状语是with snow covering the ground.你提到的独立结构当然可以是你提到的部分，但是我觉得这里不是。因为独立结构通常放在句首，与整个句子构成关系，这里是在说跑步时的环境，而不是做梦的环境。更应该理解为状语，表示跑步时的状态。仅供参考。
英语句子成分讲解
英语中基本的句子成份有：
主语：通常由名词代词介词短语等充当
谓语：一般由动词充当
宾语：由名词代词动名词从句等充当
定语：由形容词名词等充当
状语：由副词、非谓语动词、状语从句等充当
补语：分主补、宾补，由形容词等充当
表语：be动词和系动词后面的成份，由形容词或者名词充当。
求一个可以分析英语句子成分的软件或网站
目前还没有，最好的翻译软件都不能翻译英语语法，只能翻译语法结构简单的句子，更别提专业分析句子成分的软件了；出现专业分析英语句子成分的软件，英语老师应该就失业了。
怎么划分英语句子成分？
要准确划分英语的句子成分，一定要有相关的句法、语法知识为基础。
首先，至少在概念上要明白到底有哪些句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。
其次，要理解有哪些词性：名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词及短
再次，要基本理解词性与其充当句子成分之间的关系及其在句中的相对位置。
比如，谓语只能是动词，形容词常常做定语或表语，副词常常做状语修饰谓语或整个句子。主语、宾语通常由名词、代词、非谓语动词、短语或从句构成，等等等等。英语中，如果不是倒装特例，总不会出现“主宾谓”或“表状定主谓”的结构吧。
第四，要明白要哪些句子结构（句型），即：主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾宾补、主谓间宾直宾、主谓等等。
总之，没有上述这些句法、语法基础知识，要想成功划分句子成分，简直天方夜谈。
最后，毕竟是中国人学英语，所以，汉语句法及语法知识的扎实程度会对学习产生直接的影响。因为，全世界的绝大多数语言好多东西都是相通的，可以触类旁通的。
求采纳为满意回答。
英语句子成分分析，每种还要举至少5个例子，详解各个单词在该句中做什么成分。
版本一
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
四、选择填空：
1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
A. Now there the man B. The man here now
C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now
2. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold
3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet
4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter
5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded
6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we
7. He found the street much ______.
A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly
8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.
A. its B. it C. that D. that is
9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked
10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
A. that B. when C. in which D. where
句子结构
简单句的五个基本句型
主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches.
主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 She likes English.
主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 She is happy．
主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 She gave John a book She bought a book for me.
主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry．
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
（ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）
分析下列句子成分
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass.
6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．
7. ---I love you more than her，child ．
8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open.
10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.
12. All the students think highly of his teaching
13. We need a place twice larger than this one.
14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．
16.We will make our school more beautiful.
17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．
18. She showed us her many of her pictures.
19. The old man lives a lonely life.
20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．
23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfill it this month.
24. Go back where you came from.
25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.
26. At last he got home, tired and hungry.
27. Would you please pass me the cup?
28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher.
29. Do you know the latest news about him?
30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.